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A&P mechanic: Airframe

Eleven lessons on the Airframe rating: structures and stresses, sheet metal and rivet layout, wood, fabric and welding, composites, rigging the flight controls, landing gear, wheels and brakes, hydraulics and pneumatics, pressurization and oxygen, ice, rain and fire protection, instruments and wiring, and fuel systems.

An unofficial study course for the FAA’s A&P mechanic tests, not made by or affiliated with the FAA.

Part of the Aircraft mechanic (A&P) path.

Take first: A&P mechanic: General.

  1. Airframe structures

    The five stresses, truss, monocoque and semimonocoque construction, wing spars and ribs, and safe-life versus fail-safe.

    5 questions
  2. Sheet metal and rivets

    Rivet size, length, edge distance and pitch, drill sizes, a good shop head, bend setback and relief holes.

    6 questions
  3. Wood, fabric and welding

    Inspecting wooden structure, covering with polyester fabric under an approved system, and the basics of gas and TIG welding.

    6 questions
  4. Composite structures

    Fibers and resins, ply direction, prepreg and curing, honeycomb sandwich, finding damage and scarf repairs.

    6 questions
  5. Assembly and rigging

    The three axes and the controls that move about them, trim tabs, cable tension, turnbuckles and checking control direction.

    6 questions
  6. Landing gear, wheels and brakes

    Gear types and oleo struts, retracting systems and their safety switches, tire care and inflation, and brake servicing.

    6 questions
  7. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems

    Pascal's law at work, pumps, valves, accumulators and actuators, the hydraulic fluids that must never be mixed, and air systems.

    6 questions
  8. Pressurization, air conditioning and oxygen

    Cabin altitude and differential pressure, the outflow valve, air cycle and vapor cycle cooling, heaters, and working safely with oxygen.

    6 questions
  9. Ice, rain and fire protection

    Anti-ice and de-ice systems, rain removal, fire detectors and extinguishers, and reading the discharge indicators.

    6 questions
  10. Instruments, avionics and electrical

    The pitot-static system, gyros and the compass, instrument markings, required checks, and installing wiring and radios.

    6 questions
  11. Fuel systems

    Gravity and pump feed, tank types, vents and sumps, boost pumps, fuel gauges, contamination, and entering a fuel tank safely.

    6 questions
More info

How it works

Each lesson is a short read with worked examples, then practice questions in our own words, written like the knowledge test’s: most have you pick an answer, some ask you to work out a number (a CG, a rivet length, a torque setting) or name a part, and some have you tap steps into order. You can try again as often as you like; after two misses there’s a button to show the answer. To quiz each other, play Hangar Quiz, which draws its questions from all three courses, alone, on one phone or online.

What do I need to know first?

The General course first. The first lesson recaps the stresses and structure words the rest uses; the sheet metal sums need only a calculator.

The other aviation maintenance courses

Where is my progress saved? In this browser, like the rest of the site. Nothing to sign up for.

Which rules does it follow? The US ones, as of November 2026: 14 CFR parts 39, 43, 65 and 91, and the FAA’s Airman Certification Standards for aviation mechanics (FAA-S-ACS-1). Other countries license mechanics differently. Check the current rules and the FAA’s test guides before your tests.

An unofficial study course, not made by or affiliated with the FAA; the questions are our own, not from the tests, and finishing it doesn’t count toward a mechanic certificate. For real aircraft, always work from the manufacturer’s current manuals and approved data. Nothing here is a substitute for them or for supervised training.